Convolutional Networks - 1451 Words

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are a recent method used in image segmentation. CNNs are semantic processes that determine the meanings of images by viewing their wholes and their parts. For example, during the training phase, a CNN might be given several images of cars, but it might also be given images of tires and headlights. One method for implementing CNNs is pooling. Figure 3 in an article by Long, Shelhamer and Darrel (2014), illustrates images being gradually divided into larger blocks, and where each phase is a pool. The value of each block is the maximum value of all the pixels inside that block. Long et al. conclude that â€Å"extending these classification net to segmentation, and improving the architecture of with†¦show more content†¦Lesion segmentation methods can be applied to different regions of the body. Lipkovà ¡ et al. (2017), used an unsupervised segmentation algorithm to find liver lesions in computed tomography (CT) scans. Researchers in this st udy agree that manual and semi-automated methods are impractical â€Å"with an intra- and interobserver variability up to 11 % in volume difference on liver CT scans† (p. 1). Furthermore, they oppose supervised methods because â€Å"a significant variation in lesions shape and structure compromise efficiency of supervised methods† (p. 2). In this experiment they use a phase separation mechanism called the Cahn-Hilliard separation (CHS) method. The Cahn-Hilliard equation removes noise from the image and separates healthy liver tissue from damaged liver tissue, and it can operate three-dimensional imaging data. They found that this method works effectively for small lesions, although it cannot effectively separate lesions from other areas in the image that have similar visual characteristics. For this reason, CHS only worked better than artificial neural networks (i.e. an assisted method) when the images lacked artifacts. Finally, CT scans generally produce less detaile d images, and therefore MRI scans might change their results. A study conducted by Egger et al. (2017) examined three different algorithms from the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox (LST). The study used two unsupervised algorithms (LGA SPM8 andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Convolutional Neural Network Using Keras813 Words   |  4 Pages1: Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Network epochs 3.2 Convolutional Neural Network Using Keras As mentioned in the previous chapter, the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) is very similar to Neural Network(NN) as they also constitute learnable weights and bias plus. In it, every neuron gets some input, implements a scalar product and follows it with nonlinearity optionally[50]. However, a particular differentiable score function is expressed by the complete network: i.e., to class scores on one edgeRead MoreHow The Segmentation Task Would Be Implemented1277 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature review chapter, the use of deep convolutional neural networks for biomedical image segmentation has been proved to produce state-of-the-art results. Therefore, this project is focused on using this novel approach to produce binary segmentation masks from the raw images in a supervised fashion. In order to train a supervised learning model, one has to provide both the input and the corresponding labeled output. In our case, the input to the network is a raw image, while the output is a binaryRead MoreComputer Science And Engineering Research Report1161 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology In Computer Science and Engineering By Aqsa Zafar A7600916005 Under the guidance of Ms. Vandana Dubey Sr. Lecturer AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH NOIDA (U.P.) 2016 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background- The Report presents a hybrid neural network solution, which compares favorably with other methods and recognizes a person within a large database of faces. These neural systems typically return a list of most likely people in the database. Often only one image is available per person. FirstRead MoreConvolutional Networking Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Styling using Convolutional Neural Networks The initial work on style transferring using convolutional neural networks was brought forth by Leon Gatys, Alexander Ecker and Matthias Bethge [1] in which style representations were extracted from images. This involved superimposing the style image onto the content image such that the semantic details of the content image were not lost as shown in Figure 1 [1]. Figure 1: Example of using the neural style transfer method advocated by GatysRead MoreAn Effective Machine Learning Model1164 Words   |  5 Pagesestimating the class and location of objects contained within the images. With the improvements in object representations and machine learning models, it is possible to achieve much advancement in Object Recognition. For the last few years, Deep Neural Network has proven to be an effective machine learning model. DNNs have a varied approach to classification problems. They consist of deep architectures which makes it possible to understand more complex models than shallow ones. With this ability and robustRead MoreBenchmarking Lmdb And Leveldb For Deep Learning746 Words   |  3 Pagescompose of hundreds millions of parameters to be tuned. For example, a deep learning structure for processing visual and other two-dimensional data, convolutional neural network (CNN) [1], which consists of three convolutional layers and three pooling layers, has more than 130 millions of parameters if the input has 28x28 pixels. While these large neural networks are powerful, we need high amount of training data. DL tasks need considerable data storage and memory bandwidth. Key-value stores provideRead MoreA Research On Pedestrian Detection1896 Words   |  8 Pagespapers. Here are some of the ideas we suggested to resolve these issues in each paper. Joint Deep Learning for Pedestrian Detection (UDN) Even though the Unified Deep Net (UDN) method learned features by designing hidden layers for the Convolutional Neural Network such that features, deformable parts, occlusions, and classification can be jointly optimized, one of its problems is it treats pedestrian detection as a single binary classification task, which is not able to capture rich pedestrian variationsRead MoreTechniques Used For The Face Recognition1252 Words   |  6 Pagesgabor wavelet networks and many more. We will focus on some human face recognition techniques using neural networks those are mostly applicable to the frontal faces, and its advantages and disadvantages in this part of the report. The linearity in the network of neural network is the most attention seeking cause of using it. A single layer adaptive network was firstly used for the face recognition which is also known as WISARD. For each provided individual, it has a single network. For an effectiveRead MoreGsm Technology11721 Words   |  47 PagesGSM network. A GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down through a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1,800 MHz frequency band. Why GSM? The GSM study group aimed to provide the followings through the GSM: ââ€" ª Improved spectrum efficiency. ââ€" ª International roaming. ââ€" ª Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BSs) ââ€" ª High-quality speech ââ€" ª Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Read More4g Wireless System Pdf3851 Words   |  16 Pagesfuture 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various networks using IP (Internet protocol) as a common protocol so that users are in control because they will be able to choose every application and environment. Based on the developing trends of mobile communication, 4G will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and smoother and quicker handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude of wireless systems and networks. Application adaptability and being highly dynamic are

Judaism Is A Religious Custom With Origins Going Back About

Judaism is a religious custom with origins going back about four thousand years, established in the old close eastern region of Canaan. Starting as the convictions and practices of the general population known as Israel, traditional, or rabbinic, Judaism did not rise until the first century C.E. Judaism follows its legacy to the covenant God made with Abraham and his heredity, that God would make them a sacred people and that God would provide them with Holy land. The basic people of Israelite culture are the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the prophet Moses. Mosses who received God’s laws or the ten commandments from God on Mt. Sinai. Judaism is a convention grounded in the religious, moral, and social laws as they are verbalized†¦show more content†¦Jews ought to connect helpfully with the world that they are into cultivate goodness and equity inside both themselves and the bigger group, for example, by evading sin in their own lives while likewise tending to the unfortunate. Conservative Judaism attempts to collide an inspirational demeanor toward current culture, acknowledgment of basic common grant with respect to Judaism s sacred writings and responsibility to Jewish recognition. Conservative Judaism trusts that insightful investigation of Jewish writings demonstrates that Judaism has continually been advancing to address the issues of the Jewish individuals in changing conditions. Reform Judaism is that it has empowered the Jewish individuals to present advancement while preserving original customs, to grasp differing qualities while stating shared characteristic, to assert convictions without dismissing the individuals who question, and to convey confidence to consecrated writings without yielding basic scriptures. The old testament Judaism is part of the story told in the Hebrew bible. It depicts how God picked the Jews to be an example to the world, and how God and his picked individuals worked out their relationship. It was a stormy relationship a great part of the time, and a captivating aspect regarding Jewish history is to watch God changing and creating close by hisShow MoreRelatedReflection of Juduasm Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism is a religious tradition with origins dating back nearly four thousand years, rooted in the ancient region of Canaan, which is now known as the land between Israel and Palestine. Judaism did not emerge until the 1st century C.E. Judaism traces its heritage to the covenant God made with Abraham and his lineage that God would make them a sacred people and give them a holy land. The primary characters of Israelite culture include the great patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the prophet MosesRead MoreWorld Religion: Christianity the Most Widespread R eligion in The World1473 Words   |  6 PagesAll over the world, there are many people who believe in something or someone of a higher power. There are about five billion people who believe in a higher power (Tiemann 526). There are six world religions that have followers all around the world. The six world religions are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Many of these religions are monotheistic, which is the belief of only one god or one higher power. There are also polytheistic believers, which is the beliefRead MoreAfrican Diaspora and National Belonging Essay2060 Words   |  9 Pagesfollowing communities discussed in this paper are from India and the Persian Gulf area. In the Land of Israel, immigrants of Ethiopian began settling in the state since the 1970’s. Black Jews practice Judaism and Ethiopians migrated to Israel primarily for religious reasons. With roots going back to biblical times, Ethiopians Jews were surprise to find other groups of people who had been practicing the religion as well. The immigrants had a difficult time trying to enter the country by â€Å"returningRead MoreReligion Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesReligion Essay 1. What are the functions of religion? 2. Is it possible to be religious and accept the teachings of modern science? Based upon my opinion and research I believe that it is not possible to be religious and at the same time, accept the teachings of modern science. As explained in the two questions below, the idea of a religion is to seek the answer to the meaning of life, and after death, live in an eternity with their God. Many religions outline the beginning of the world andRead MoreEssay about The Development of Christian Worship2507 Words   |  11 PagesThe Development of Christian Worship According to Crichton (1992 found in Jones et al.:1997) worship is a religious phenomenon, a reaching out through the fear that always accompanies the sacred to the mysterium conceived as tremendous but also fascinates, because behind it and in it there is an intuition of the Transcendent. (Crichton:1992 in Jones et al:1997:2) There are several approaches to which the subject of worship can be studied. This can be thatRead More The Relationship Between Religion and Israel Essay3173 Words   |  13 PagesIsrael, the place call the holy land, the land, which Jesus walked, however, it is widely acknowledged that tensions between secular and religious sectors constitute a salient feature of Israeli society. If one were to try to summarize the relationship of Israel to Jewish religion, he would say that it is related but not equivalent to certain concepts of Israel. Most people think of the holy land when they hear the names Israel but one must ask the question is Israel truly the holy land. ThisRead MoreEssay on The True Meaning Of A Religion1635 Words   |  7 PagesReligion can be found almost everywhere around us, influencing ones lifestyle and surroundings much more than we are aware of. Often becoming a huge element of society in several areas of our lives. Though some argue one is born already knowing their religious faith, classifying religion as something that cannot be learned but more as an inner spirituality present at birth. Other would say there is no doubt religion is socially constructed and subconsciously learned plus spread through peers, family orRead MoreThe True Meaning of a Religion1675 Words   |  7 PagesReligion can be found almost everywhere around us, influencing ones lifestyle and surroundings much more than we are aware of. Often becoming a huge element of society in several areas of our lives. Though some argue one is born already knowing their religious faith, classifying religion as something that cannot be learned but more as an inner spirituality present at birth. Other would say there is no doubt religion is socially constructed and subconsciously learned plus spread through peers, family orRead MoreReligion Information Paper : Buddhism3761 Words   |  16 PagesMeanwhile at the age of 80 the Buddha entered Mahaparinibbana, leaving all of his Teachings behind him. The religion is known to be originated in no rthern India around the 5th century B.C.E Key leaders and philposopers in keeping the religion going or advancing are Nagarjuna he is referred to as the second Buddha by Tibetan and East Asian Mahayana such major traditions of Buddhism, Nagarjuna is know to be sharp criticisms of Brahminical and Buddhists famous philosophy, theory of knowledgeRead MoreAnswer Booklet Judaism7864 Words   |  32 PagesStudents learn about: | Students learn to: | Significant People and Ideas * the contribution to Judaism of ONE significant person or school of thought, other than Abraham or Moses, drawn from: * Isaiah * Hillel (and Shamai) * Beruriah * Rabbi Solomon Isaac (Rashi) * Moses Maimonides * Kabbalah * The Hassidim * Moses Mendelssohn * Abraham Geiger * Rabbi Isaac Abraham Hacohen Kook (Rav Kook) * Jewish Feminism * another person or school of thought significant to Judaism * the

Cause/Effect of Dental Hygiene free essay sample

Have you ever thought about what could happen if you dont practice good oral hygiene? Have you ever thought about the fact that cavities can lead to even more serious dental problems? Do you know that if you arent practicing good oral hygiene, youre opening the door to dental problems that isnt easy to close? If you dont take care of your teeth,think about how much harder easy life tasks would be for you. It is not that hard to simply brush your teeth twice a day and floss them once. The effects of not having good oral hygiene are cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. A cavity is the least severe effect of not practicing good oral hygiene. You may think that a cavity is just a small hole in your teeth, but in reality a cavity is tooth decay which leads to the hole in the tooth. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause/Effect of Dental Hygiene or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cavities are caused by bacteria which combines with food and creates a sticky substance known as plaque. Plaque sticks to the teeth and converts sugars into acid which then dissolves the tooth structure, causing holes, or cavities. When you brush your teeth properly, at least twice a day, you are removing the plaque that causes cavities. Flossing daily will remove the plaque from in between the teeth that the toothbrush cannot reach. Although cavities are the least severe effect of not practicing good oral hygiene, cavities are still painful and can lead to more severe dental diseases. The next effect of not practicing good oral hygiene is gingivitis, which causes the gums to redden, swell, and bleed. It is plaque build up on your teeth which casues swelling of your gums and leaves a yellow tint layer of plaque on the surfaces. In most cases, there is either little or no discomfort. Although a person can develop gingivitis, it is reversible with professional treatment and proper oral health care at home, which includes brushing and flossing 2 times a day at least. Without treatment, gingivitis can spread and grow below the gum line. Gingivitis is a chronic inflammatory reaction, and the body turns on itself, and the tissues, plus the bone, which hold up the teeth, is destroyed. Because the gums separate themselves from the teeth, this causes spaces between the teeth and gums, and they will become infected. As the disease advances, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. Eventually, teeth can become loose and may have to be removed. This gum disease is one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults and has also been linked to heart disease and strokes. Gingivitis can be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene, but if it is not treated may lead to periodontal disease. Lastly the most severe dental disease that comes with not practicing good oral hygiene is periodontal disease. If it is left to itself and not treated, it will lead to tooth loss. In order to fix periodontal disease, a hygienist needs to place a probe in the gap of your gums and insert fake gums to keep bacteria from going in the hole. There are many factors that cause periodontal disease, but the main cause is bacteria. Without proper home care, your chances of getting it increase. The other factors vary and can affect the health of your gums. The most severe case of not having good oral hygiene is periodontal disease, and it is very painful. Maintaining good oral health is essential to maintaining good overall health. Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental problems, most commonly, dental cavities, gingivitis, periodontal disease, and tooth loss. Preventing these dental diseases are not that hard. If you havent been brushing twice a day and flossing once a day at least I hope after reading this you will consider doing it. Always remember your teeth are a key part of your life, so be sure to take good care of them so you dont need to experience the painful dental diseases.

Person And Environment Essays - Apes, Anthropology, Fingers, Thumb

Person And Environment Humans possess a repertoire of unique gifts which enable them to shape the environment. The most prominent gifts associated with man include adaptation, which is furthermore broken into sub-categories, the conquering of fire, and the ability to foresee thoughts of the future. All of these capabilities of man have had a significant effect on the environment. These main gifts correlated with man are the basis to our physical and cultural evolution. Man is a singular creature which maintains a unique set of gifts for shaping the environment. The most significant of these gifts, adaptation, covers a broad area of topics. Stereoscopic vision, opposable thumbs, the formation of language, and the ability to walk upright all are branched off of this. These components of adaptation are all of great importance to man's set of unique gifts. Man has the ability to adapt to certain environments and conditions. If the weather became cold man would not just sit around and freeze, but rather build a fire, cover up in animal skins, and retreat to the caves. By doing this man is changing the surroundings and conditions to adequately supply his needs. Without this gift humans would not have survived; nature would have conquered and annihilated them. As man evolved and became more human-like, three major biological developments took place which set man above animal. Stereoscopic vision, opposable thumbs, and the ability to walk upright were the most significant evolutionary advancements which put man atop animal. These three gifts also added to the ability to shape the environment. Stereoscopic vision involves taking two pictures, one from each eye, and forming them into a three dimensional viewing area. This advancement to man gave humans several environmental advantages over the animals. Stereoscopic vision allows man to see more in depth images. This proved useful in hunting, walking, and other simple concepts. This major evolutionary change has had a great effect on the environment and its surroundings. Opposable thumbs made life much easier for early humans. The opposable thumbs allowed man to grip with a powerful hold, which led to the development and use of early tools. They also aided in hunting, because spears, rocks, and axes were easily able to be thrown. By using this technique of hunting less injury occurred, which prolonged the life of humans. As cultural advancements followed, the opposable thumb proved quite useful in the building of fire and shelter. The environment was affected greatly by this because tools, fire, and hunting were able to be used where they were not before. The ability to walk upright held a definite edge over animals and the environment. As man began to walk upright, everything became easier. He could see farther into the distance, and know when danger was near, and man had more versatile movements, which aided in hunting. The environment was easily shaped by upright walking because now had the ability to do more activities, such as seeing danger and fleeing to safety, where as before he would have been killed. Language is also another gift which man possesses. Language was developed through hunting because it was needed for communication. It was also used to express feelings and distress. Language allowed man to communicate when danger was near, and man escaped some danger because of this. Another significant gift man acquired was the conquering of fire. Fire was brought upon by natural reasons, such as volcanoes and lightning. Humans used fire for warmth, protection, cooking, and a light source. Cooked meat contained more proteins than raw meat, and these proteins caused the brain to grow, thus speeding up mans evolutionary process. Cooked meat was also easier to chew, so the jaw became smaller and language slowly developed. Fire helped man outlast nature's coldest weather, and it also prolonged their life by protecting them from animals. The last of man's major gifts was the ability to foresee thoughts of the future. Man anticipated the future by drawing pictures of the hunt on the cave walls. He foresaw the domestication and herding of animals, as the Lapps did with the Reindeer, and man saw the use of rocks for tools and expanded on that. This type of reasoning and thinking was unique to humans, and through it man greatly changed the environment; either through subtle ways, as with tools, or in the upmost way, as with the domestication and herding of animals. Since the beginnings of time humans have used a set of unique gifts to shape and configure the landscape and environment which surrounds them. These gifts, adaptation, the conquering of